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Approaching Healthcare HCI: Reflections on Developing A Patient-Centered Method for Empathetic AI in the Emergency Department

Using Design Cards to design an AI companion for the ED

Using Design Cards to design an AI companion for the ED

Klein, Jacobe; Daniel, Tanita; Heiser, Malte; Mutlugil, Yasemin; Müller-Birn, Claudia – 2026

While prior work has examined challenges in human-computer interaction research in real-world healthcare settings, less attention has been paid to method development processes. This experience report reflects on our process of developing a method to design an empathetic artificial intelligence (AI) companion with and for emergency department patients. This process unfolded in three phases: In exploration, we developed a card-based interview to investigate empathetic AI behavior. However, realizing that our method and research objective were misaligned, uncertainty emerged as we questioned the implications of advancing a potentially harmful technology. We paused and, in reorientation, carefully adapted our method to ensure responsible research practice. From this experience, we derive four key learnings: distinguishing between (1) designing the right technology and (2) designing technology right while caring for both participants and researchers, (3) acknowledging uncertainty as a research signal, and (4) methodological implications for designing patient-centered empathetic AI.

Title
Approaching Healthcare HCI: Reflections on Developing A Patient-Centered Method for Empathetic AI in the Emergency Department
Author
Klein, Jacobe; Daniel, Tanita; Heiser, Malte; Mutlugil, Yasemin; Müller-Birn, Claudia
Publisher
ACM
Date
2026
Identifier
10.1145/3786579.3804924
Appeared in
Proceedings of the 2026 IH Conference on Interactive Health
Language
eng
Type
Text
Size or Duration
8